Cicero
106–43 BC
Stoicism·Roma
Marcus Tullius Cicero — orator, statesman, philosopher. He translated Greek philosophy into Latin and made it accessible to Rome. He wrote about friendship, old age, duty, and fate with a directness that remains readable today. He was executed for his political convictions. He knew it was coming. He did not flee.
Key Ideas
01
Otium — the value of philosophical leisure
02
Friendship as the highest human good after virtue
03
The commonwealth as philosophical responsibility
04
Death faced with reason, not fear